超低温保存法去除马铃薯X病毒和马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒

Elimination of Potato Virus X and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid by Cryopreservation

病毒病严重危害马铃薯生产,是造成马铃薯减产和品质下降的主要因素。PVX和PSTVd属于危害马铃薯最主要的病毒。本文尝试用超低温保存法和常规方法(茎尖分生组织培养、温热疗法以及温热疗法结合茎尖分生组织培养)来去除马铃薯试管苗中的PSTVd和PVX。结果显示马铃薯茎尖经过超低温保存后,存活率和成苗率分别为83.64%和72.04%,高于茎尖分生组织培养(46.67%和31.49%)、温热疗法(72.22%和44.44%)以及温热疗法结合茎尖分生组织培养(50.54%和30.38%)。4种方法都可以去除PVX,其中超低温保存法的脱毒率最高,为59.13%,温热疗法结合茎尖分生组织培养为56.02%,温热疗法和茎尖分生组织培养较低,为42.61%和35.83%。但是4种方法都未能有效地去除PSTVd类病毒,只能通过严格检疫来控制。

Virus disease severely impair for potato production,are the major factor of potato yield decrease and the quality decline. Potato virus X（PVX） and potato spindle tuber viroid（PSTVd） are the main viruses damaging potato. In this study,we tried eliminating PVX and PSTVd from test-tube plantlet of potato by using cryopreservation and conventional method,such as tip meristem culture,thermotherapy,and thermotherapy followed by tip meristem culture. The results showed that the survival rate and regeneration rate of potato shoot tips were 83.64% and 72.04%,respectively by cryopreservation,all higher than tip meristem culture（46.67 % and 31.49%） ,thermotherapy（72.22% and 44.44%） and thermotherapy followed by meristem culture（50.54% and 30.38%） . PVX could be removed by four methods. The highest elimination rate of 59.13% by cryopreservation method. The elimination rates of thermotherapy followed by tip meristem culture was 56.02%,and that of thermotherapy and tip meristem culture were lower,42.61% and 35.83% respectively. But PSTVd couldn＇t be effectively eliminated by four methods and could be controlled by strict quarantine.