《老子》的“道”、“德”与毛泽东的哲学

The wisdom of Laozi and the philosophy of Mao Zedong

《老子》中"道"的本义近乎对立统一规律,亦即宇宙的根本规律;而"德"是君主或国家领袖("圣人")与"道"相合的品格,其内容的诸方面可以用"无为"来概括。就其一般意义而言,"德"的实质与毛泽东晚年所说的"设置对立面"有契合处。因此,毛泽东哲学思想与《老子》的历史智慧一脉相承,实际上是对《老子》"道""德"思想的继承和创新。

This paper argues that the original meaning of Dao in Laozi is the law of opposition and unity, which was regarded by Chairman Mao as the essential law of the universe; and De is the quality of kings or state leaders which ought to be fit with Dao. The contents of De could be summarized as Wuwei （Not-to-intervene）. In fact, the meaning of De can be generalized as setting up an opposite side, which was emphasized by Mao in his late years. Therefore, we hold that the philosophical thinking of Mao is the extension and development of the historical wisdom of Laozi.