花生种子的休眠特性及其解除研究

Characteristics and breaking of seed dormancy ability in peanut

选用20个花生品种为材料,分别在15℃和25℃下进行种子休眠性检测,并在15℃下利用赤霉素、过氧化氢和乙烯利3种药剂处理种子,以研究解除花生种子的休眠。结果表明,在不同温度下,不同品种的休眠性不同。在15℃下,龙安保湾、全洲府壳、银子岩豆、兴宁农家种、泉花511、豫花9号、花23和洲仔三仁,表现较强休眠性;仁化农家种、泉花510、仲恺花2号、仲恺花3号、仲恺花4号和粤油5号,品种休眠性中等;而仲恺花1号、粤油7号、天府13、汕油71和迷你红的休眠性较弱。在25℃下,虽然不同品种间存在一定差异,但休眠性表现不明显。不同类型的品种间休眠性存在明显差异,在15℃下,龙生型花生品种有很强的休眠性;普通型品种休眠性也很强;珍珠豆型品种和多粒型品种的休眠性相近,属中等偏弱,但珍珠豆型品种间差异较小、多粒型品种间的差异较大。在25℃下,四大类型的休眠性也存在一定差异,龙生型品种比其他类型品种要强。在15℃下,3种药剂处理都可以较好地打破种子休眠,而乙烯利处理效果最好,尤其是在50mg/L的浓度下打破休眠性效果最为明显。

In this study, seed dormancy of 20 peanut varieties was detected at 15℃ and 25℃ . At the same time, gibberellin, hydrogen peroxide and ethephon were used to break seed dormancy ability at 15℃ with three treatments. The results showed that seed dormancy ability was different among peanut varieties. At 15 ℃, the seed dormancy ability of Longanbaowan,Quanzhoufuke, Yinziyandou, Xingning Landrace,Quanhua511,Yuhua NO.9,Hua23 and Zhouzisanren were stronger; that of renhau landrace, quanhua510, zhongkaihua No.2, zhongkaihua No.3, zhongkaihua No.4 and yueyou No.5 was middle; and the seed of zhongkaihua No.1, yueyou No.7,Tianfu13, shanyou71 and minihong has the weak dormancy ability. At 25 ℃, although the seed dormancy ability among 20 peanuts varieties was different, it was weak for all varieties. The seed dormancy ability was different among types of peanut varieties at 15℃. It was stronger for varieties of Var. Hirsuta and Var. Hypogaea, and for Var. Vulgaris and Var. Fastigiata, the seed dormancy ability of varieties was middle or weak. The seed dormancy could be broken with the three chemicals （gibberellin, hydrogen peroxide and ethephon） and ethephon was the best. The effect of breaking dormancy was best at the concentration of 50mg/L for ethephon.