汉字标示了什么

What do the Chinese Characters Mark?

坚持汉字是记录汉语的符号系统的人们,只承认汉字具有标示汉语的功能。本文归纳了汉字标示的几种功能:形意字示形;会意字、指事字示意;借音字示音;意声字既示意又示音。本文认为,一方面汉字作为整字是记录汉语的符号;另一方面,形意字还是事物形态的符号;会意字、指事字、意声字中的意符还是事物形态、类别、属性或质地等的符号;意声字中的音符是汉语语音的符号。汉字示意成为汉语的有力补充,它能把汉语中同音不同义词语从同音词语中分析出来。汉字示意还成为我们认识中华文化的活化石,由此生发出汉字文化学。汉字中借音字和意声字中的音符成为追溯汉语古音的依据。

People who insist that the Chinese characters are of a signal system for the Chinese language only admit that the Chinese characters have the function of marking.This paper sums up the functions that Chinese characters have： the ideaographs can mark the form;the semasiobraphy and the directives can mark the meaning;the sharing-sound characters can mark the sound,the phonograms can mark both the meaning and the sound.The paper gets the points as follows： for one thing,the Chinese characters as a whole system can be considered as the sign to record the Chinese language;on the other hand,the ideaographs can sign the form of many items;the semasiobraphy and the directives can sign the form,classification,attribute and texture of the item;the phonograms can sign the sound of the Chinese characters.The fact that the Chinese characters can sign the meaning is a forceful supplementary,with the capability of discriminating the Chinese characters of same sound but different meanings from the characters sharing the same sound.It will be a living fossil for us to get into Chinese culture,and thus comes character-cultureology.Based on the sound system of sharing-sounding characters and phonograms,it is also possible to trace back the old Chinese phonology.