淮河中游行蓄洪区种植制度调整研究

ADJUSTING THE CROPPING SYSTEM IN THE FLOOD DIVERSION REGION IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE HUAI RIVER

行蓄洪区的行洪与蓄洪，影响了区内农业的发展，造成粮食产量长期徘徊，导致贫困的加剧。本文分析了区内自然环境，社会经济状况，提出一麦一稻之构想，通过示范研究获得成功，证实了其可行性。

In the flood prevention system of the Huaihe River basin, the areas of flood diversion region play an important role. They protect the vast regions in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River, reduce the threat of flooding, and divert the effects of flood peak in the lowed part. The gradient of the river channel in the middle reach is very small, averaging 0 5‰, which can cause flooding that frequently threat urbane and villages on the two sides of the Huaihe River. The flood diversion region are economically backward and poor, and in some placer farming is possible only once in 1￣2 years. Thus such area are a major problem in the Huaihe River basin. At present, there are 4 flood water retaining areas and 18 flood water transportation areas in the middle reaches of the river, which are total area of 3080 hm2, and a population of 148 million. These 22 areas occupy a transition zone between two types of monsoon climates, classified by abrupt changes of the cold and warm seasons and my alternation occurrences of drought and waterlogging. In these areas, about 60% of the farmland are low yielding producing only 3 700 kg/a·hm 2￣4 500 kg/a·hm 2 of grain. Farming has suffered from prolonged backward wheat soybean rotation, insects, weeds, and waterlogging, to improve gain yield, a system of wheat rice multicropping is proposed to reach the target of more than 6 700 kg/a·hm 2. The wheat selected for cultivation is Bie-Nong No.6. This strain is characterized by high yield, short stacks, early ripening and disease resistance. The yield of it can be as high as 8 000 kg/a·hm 2, the rice seed selected is No.180, an early ripening and xerophilous strain can be planted directly in the wheat stubble and it does not require frequent irrigation. It is also a high quality, with average yield of 6 000 kg/a·hm 2 and a maximum yield of 7 500 kg/a·hm 2. For the dry regions of the Huaihe Rivers where water saving farming is essential, the introduction of this rice strain is indeed an innovation.