退化山地生态系统恢复和重建问题的探讨

DISCUSSION ON SEVERAL PROBLEMS OF RESTORING AND REHABILITATING DEGRADED MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEM

结合近１５年来在岷江上游退化山地系统开展恢复与重建研究的理论和实践，讨论和提出了退化山地生态系统恢复和重建的恰当空间尺度、合理目标、恢复和重建的策略。

The suitable spatial scale,rational aim,feasible tactics,pathways and measures of restoring and rehabilitating degraded mountain ecosystem were analyzed and expounded in this paper. In the view of practices from home and abroad,the suitable spatial scale is the watershed system of the area of less than 40～50 km 2,because it has nice feasible and controllable and obeys intrinsic integrity and hierarchy of mountain ecosystem;The aim of restoration and rehabilitation is to build up an ecosystem at the state of nice circulation with a rational structure and mutual coordinate function,not only preventing degradation and restoring environment and vegetation, also improving local economy and shed poverty and getting rich;As though tactics usually have four kinds,it is necessary to implement synthetic tactics, not single one;The lose of biodiversity is the core and key of ecosystem degradation,causing the structure simplification and function weakening. The pathway of restoration and rehabilitation should set out from preserving and recovery biological diversity and rehabilitating plant communities. Special attention should be paid to biological measure,especially plants,and engineering,cultivation,and management measures also should be combined in the rehabilitation process. All the above had been proved by the practice of restoration and rehabilitation in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.