硬骨鱼免疫系统的组成与免疫应答机制研究进展

Progress in Research for Components of the Immune System and Mechanism of the Immune Response in Teleost

硬骨鱼是最低等的兼具固有与适应性免疫系统的脊椎动物。文章分别就硬骨鱼免疫系统的组织结构与细胞组成、主要免疫细胞的特性与功能以及抗原诱导的固有与适应性免疫应答等方面概括了近年来的主要研究进展。在与哺乳类等高等动物免疫系统比较异同的基础上,概括出硬骨鱼免疫系统所具有的基本特征:1)鱼类在免疫基因、细胞与功能上较为保守,在免疫器官形态和结构上差异较大;2)鱼类具有完全的固有与获得性免疫应答体系,但其固有免疫作用可能更为重要,主要表现在胚系基因编码受体的种类与抗原识别范围更广,应答启动条件相对较低而免疫效应则相对强化;3)鱼类获得性免疫组成与结构较为简单,获得性免疫应答的发生相对滞后,应答效能较低。硬骨鱼免疫系统的组成与功能特性与其自身所处的环境和变温性质密不可分。

Teleost is of the lowest vertebrates which possesses the innate and adaptive immune system. Recent progress is summarized in studies of the organic structure and cell composition of the fish immune system, the characteristics and functions of the major immunoeytes, the antigen-induced responses of both the innate and the adaptive immunities. From the comparison with those of the Higher-level vertebrates such as mammals, the teleost immune system can be characterized as follows. 1） Teleost keeps immunologically conservative in its immune genes, the immunacytes, and their functions, and there exist the distinct differences from each other in the morphology and structure of immune organs and tissues. 2）Teleost possesses a perfect innate and adaptive immune response system,and its innate immunity may play a more important role as the germ-line encoded receptors recognize a wider range of antigens with a lower threshold of initiation and a stronger effect for immune responses. 3） The adaptive immunity is of a comparatively simpler components and organization hierarchy, its immune response initiation further lags behind, and the response effect is weaker. The characteristics of teleost immune components and the functions reflect the nature of its poikilothermy and the adaptation to environments.