四川土荆芥精油对植物病原真菌的抗菌活性

Antifungal activity of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. growing in sichuan against plant-pathogenic fungi

以植物病原真菌玉米纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani Kuha、玉米弯胞病菌Curvularia lunata(walk)Boed、水稻稻瘟病菌Pyricularia oryzae Cav.、小麦赤霉病菌Gibberellezeae(Schw.)Petch和松赤枯病菌Pestalotia funerea为实验菌,检测了四川土荆芥Chenopodium ambrosioidesL.精油的抑菌活性和抑菌机理。结果表明:培养基给药时,土荆芥精油对5种植物病原真菌均具有抑制作用,IC50分别为:0.734μL·mL-1,0.342μL·mL-1,0.435μL·mL-1,0.370μL·mL-1和0.332μL·mL-1;熏蒸给药时,精油剂量为1μL,土荆芥精油对松赤枯病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌、玉米纹枯病菌和玉米弯胞病菌具有促进作用,高剂量给药对菌丝生长具有抑制作用。半抑制体积分数的土荆芥精油作用于植物病原真菌,菌丝DNA不发生改变,菌丝体结构被破坏,原生质体聚集,蛋白质缺失或增加。

The antifungal activity and antifungal mechanism of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides growing in Sichuan was evaluated against five species of plant-pathogeni fungi by the poison assay and fumigating assay.Compared to the corresponding control,the IC50 of Rhizoctonia solani Kuha,Curvularia lunata（walk）Boed,Pyricularia oryzae Cav.,Gibberelle zeae（Schw.）Petch, and Pestalotia funerea were 0.734μL·mL-1 ,0.342μL·mL-1 ,0.435μL·mL-1 ,0.370μL·mL-1 and 0.332μL·mL-1 ,respectively.When a dose of 1μL essential oil was used,growth of R.solani,C.lunata,P.oryzae,and Pestalotia funerea were promoted,and growth of those five fungi were inhibited when the essential oil was beyond 1μL dose.Fungi treated by essential oil occurred some changes including damage of cellularity,swarm of protoplast,decrease or increase of kinds of proteins,but there was no any change observed on DNA level.