污染土地价值评估问题探讨

Discussion on valuing contaminated land

工业化和城市化为人类福利的改善作出极大的贡献,也带来了大量的污染土地。污染土地是指含有能对人身健康、环境或其它目标产生直接或间接危害的污染物的土地。污染会影响土地的价值,因此,污染土地价值评估问题近年来受到关注。文章总结了污染土地价值评估的研究进展,对关键概念进行探讨和界定,依据我国常用的几种传统土地价值评估方法,探讨如何进行修正以适应污染土地的价值评估,并对污染清理费用、环境责任费用、污名等一些关键问题进行讨论,提出污染土地的价值损失中必须考虑几个方面的不确定性:(1)与工程措施有关的清理费用的不确定性;(2)当前和未来管制要求的不确定性;(3)市场对污染损害反应的不确定性;(4)随着时间变化,市场对污染损害反应的变化。最后结合实际,说明污染土地价值评估不仅要探索新方法,也要在增加和完善环境方面的立法、进一步完善技术标准、促进学科的相互交流和发挥行业组织的主导作用等方面加强。

Although industrialization and Urbanization upgrade people’s well-being,they left a lot of contaminated land sites.Contaminated land is the land which contains subjects that can directly or indirectly harm human health,environment and other objects. Because contamination can impact on the value of land,valuation of contaminated land is more followed with research interest.This article reviews some important research results,discusses some key definitions.Based on several methods used in land valuation in China,it studies how to improve some valuing methods for contaminated land,and discusses cleanup,environmental liability cost and stigma,advises to consider some uncertainties,such as cleanup,current and future regulation,market reaction to contamination, and duration of stigma perception by general people in real estate market.Finally based on experience,it shows that not only need to improve the methods of valuing contaminated land,but also need capacity building such as environmental law about contaminated land,establishing more standards,interdisciplinary research and the leading role of profession organization.