脑小血管病的临床特点及病理生理机制(英文)

The clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease

小血管病与慢性脑循环障碍相关,占缺血性卒中的20%-30%,也是大部分脑出血和脑病的病因所在。与小血管病相关的疾病包括Binswanger病、多发小灶中风和微出血,这些疾病在老年人中的发病率极高,且往往导致认知减退或血管性痴呆、步态和平衡障碍、情绪低落、尿失禁等。小血管病相关性脑病预示着老年人跌倒、致残和死亡的几率增加,因此其临床特点和病理生理机制正日益受到关注。本文对脑小血管病的危险因素、发病机制、病理以及临床表现作一综述。

Small vessel disease （SVD） is responsible for brain chronic circular disorder,and accounts for 20%–30%cases of ischemic stroke as well as cerebral hemorrhage,and to a great extent,encephalopathy.Binswanger’s disease and multiple small strokes,which are common in older people,are also closely associated with SVD.These disorders often cause decline in cognition,vascular dementia,impairment in gait and balance,mood depression,and urinary incontinence,and often brings great social and economic burdens.SVD-related encephalopathy increases the incidences of fall,disability and death in elderly people.With the aging of the society,more attention should be paid to the importance of early diagnosis and prophylactic treatment of SVD.Here the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of SVD are reviewed.