全肺切除术后支气管胸膜瘘的早期手术治疗

Early surgical treatment of bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy

目的探讨全肺切除术后支气管胸膜瘘的早期手术治疗方法。方法 1998年3月～2009年2月我科采用早期手术治疗全肺切除术后支气管胸膜瘘12例,男9例,女3例,年龄(58.6±5.7)岁;12例均无脓性胸液,支气管胸膜瘘确诊时间为术后4～17d。本组病例均在确诊后72h内再次手术,术中采用器械闭合支气管近端,术后配合胸腔冲洗使之无菌化。结果 10例痊愈出院,1例开放引流后出院,长期换药,1例因多脏器功能衰竭死亡。二次手术后住院时间18～49d,平均31d。结论全肺切除术后合并支气管胸膜瘘,如无脓性胸液,心肺功能良好,应早期积极手术,配合术后胸腔持续冲洗,可获得良好疗效。

Objective To investigate the method of early surgical treatment of bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy. Methods Twelve patients （9 males and 3 females with a mean age of 58.6 ±5.7 years） with bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy received a reoperation within 72 h after a definite diagnosis. Empyema was found in none of the 12 cases. Fistula occurred within 4 to 17 days （8 days in average） after the operation. The fistula of the residual main bronchus was resected, and the thoracic cavity was asepticized by flushing. Results Ten patients were discharged with complete healing. One patient was discharged following open drainage with daily change of the wound dress. One patient died due to multiple organ failure. The hospital stay of the patients ranged from 18 to 49 days （31 days in average） after the reoperation. Conclusion Bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy, in case that empyema and multiple organ failure do not occur, can be healed by closing the fistula with the stapling device in early stage. Flushing the thoracic cavity is also necessary after the reoperation.