不同壳色菲律宾蛤仔品系F_2的表型性状

Studies on phenotypic traits of different shell color strains F_2 of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum)

于2007年9月,对选育的菲律宾蛤仔不同壳色品系(C:对照组;Tr:两道红品系;Tw:两道白品系;Ab:玛瑙黑品系;Or:海洋红品系;Pw:珍珠白品系;Z:斑马蛤品系;W:波纹蛤品系)F1和F2的表型性状进行了研究。结果表明,1龄F1的壳长以Pw最大,与Tr差异不显著(P>0.05),明显大于对照组及其它品系,Z壳长最小且与其它品系差异显著(P<0.05),C的壳长明显小于Tw、Ab(P<0.05),但与Or、W差异不显著(P>0.05);F1鲜重也以Pw最大,Z最小,且与其它品系差异显著P<0.05),Tr、Tw、Ab和Or鲜重差异不显著(P>0.05),但明显大于C(P<0.05);F1产卵量Pw、Tr明显高于其它品系,Z、C明显小于其它品系(P>0.05),Tw、Ab、Or和W彼此差异不显著(P>0.05);F2的表型性状,C的孵化率低于其它品系(P<0.05),但与Tw无显著差异(P>0.05),各壳色品系间卵径、受精率和D形幼虫大小差异不显著(P>0.05)。浮游期结束时(9日龄),W与Z幼虫壳长明显大于其它品系(P<0.05),Tw、Ab、Or、Pw、Z彼此间差异不显著(P>0.05);幼虫存活率大小顺序为,Ab、Z>Or、W>Tw、Pw>Tr>C,彼此差异显著(P<0.05)。变态时间和变态规格各品系间无显著差异(P>0.05),变态率大小的顺序为Ab>Z>Tw>Or>Pw>W>Tr>C,彼此差异显著(P<0.05)。室内培育阶段结束时(240日龄),Ab壳长最大,但与Or、Tr差异不显著,Z壳长最小,但与C、W差异不显著(P>0.05),C与Pw、W,Tr、Tw、Or之间,以及Tw与Pw差异也不显著;Z的存活率最高,明显高于除Ab外的其它品系,C的存活率最低,明显低于除Tr、Tw外的其它品系,W>Or>Pw,彼此差异显著(P<0.05)。360日龄时,Pw壳长和鲜重最大,显著大于其它壳色品系(P<0.05),Ab和Z壳长和鲜重显著小于其它壳色品系(P<0.05);Ab和Z的存活率高于其它品系(P<0.05),但与Or、Pw差异不显著(P>0.05),Or存活率高于C(P<0.05),其它各品系存活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。从相对产量上看,Z(678.63%±56.80%)>Ab(554.88%±69.42%)>Or(527.23%±76.21%)>W(475.97%±90.25%)>Pw(405.90%±55.19%)>Tw(224.89%±47.85%)>Tr(178.50%±34.50%)>C(100.00%±22.10%)。

The study on phenotypic traits of different shell color strains F1 and F2 （ C ： the control strains ; Tr; two-band red strain; Tw ： two-band white strain; Ab ： agate-black strain ; Or： ocean-red strain; Pw ： pearl- white strain; Z ： zebra strain ; W ： wave strain. ） of Manila clam was conducted in September 2007. The results showed that the shell length of Pw F1 was the greatet, and significantly greater than others except Tr （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the shell length of Z was the smallest, and significantly smaller than others （ P 〈 0.05 ）, there were no obvious differences in shell length among C, Or, W, between Tr and Tw, among Tw, Ab, Or, among Ab, Or, W（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Both fresh weight and fecundity of Pw F1 were the greatet, that of Tr were the second greatet and significantly greater than others （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, those of Z were the smallest, and significantly smaller than others （ P 〈 0.05 ）, there were no remarkable differences between C and W, among Tw, Ab, Or in fresh weight and between C and Z, among Tr, Ab, Or, W in fecundity （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. No significant differences in egg-diameter,the fertilized rates and size of D larvae were observed among all strains （P 〈 0.05 ）, the hatching rate of C was significantly lower than those of other strains except Tw （ P 〈 0.05 ）. By end of pelagic period （9 d）, the shell lengths of W and Z were significantly greater than those of other strains （P 〈0.05） ,there were no remarkable differences in shell length among Tw,Ab,Or,Pw,Z,W（P 〉0.05） ; the sequences of survival rates were following ： Ab, Z 〉 Or, W 〉 Tw, Pw 〉 Tr 〉 C, there were significant differences among them（ P 〈 0.05 ）. No remarkable difference in both metamorphic time and metamorphic size among all strains was observed （ P 〉 0.05 ）. There were such a sequence in metamorphic rates as follows ： Ab 〉 Z 〉 Tw 〉 Or 〉 Pw 〉 W 〉 Tr 〉 C, there were significant differences among them （ P 〈 0.05 ）. By the end of indoor rearing period（240 d） ,the shell length of Ab were significantly greater than those of other strains except Or, Tr （P 〈 0.05 ）, the shell length of Z were significantly smaller than those of other strains except C,W（P 〈0.05） ,there were no remarkable differences in shell length between C and Pw,W, Tr, Tw, Or, and between Tw and Pw ; the survival rate of Z was remarkably higher than those of other strains except Ab （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the survival rate of C was remarkably lower than those of other strains except Tr, Tw （ P 〈 0.05 ）. On day 360, both shell length and fresh weight were the greatet and remarkably greater than those of other strains （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the shell length of Ab and Z were significantly smaller than those of other strains （P 〈 0.05 ）, the survival rate of Ab and Z were significantly higher than those of other strains except Or, Pw （ P 〈 0.05 ）, the survival rate of Or was significantly higher than that of C （ P 〈 0.05 ）, there was no remarkable difference in survival rate among other strains （P 〈 0.05 ）. The order of relative yields was as follows：Z（678. 63% ±56. 80%） 〉Ab（554. 88% ±69. 42%） 〉 Or（527. 23% ±76.21%） 〉 W （475.97% ±90.25%） 〉 Pw （405.90% ±55. 19%） 〉 Tw （224.89% ±47.85%） 〉 Tr （178.50% ± 34.50%） 〉C（100.00% ±22.10%）.