我国个人住房按揭贷款制度存在的问题及对策

The Problems Existing in Our Country's Personal Housing Mortgage Loan System and Countermeasure

个人住房按揭贷款业务的开展,在改善我国居民居住条件的同时,也存在一些问题,对此学术界有不少文章进行了分析,但这些文章几乎都是从保护银行的角度出发,对侵犯银行利益的诸如骗贷等行为进行研究,而从保护借款人利益的角度,无论学术界还是实务界都鲜有人进行分析,通过实地调查研究,发现银行在与借款人签订《抵押借款合同》前后,利用垄断地位与格式条款等侵害借款人正当权益。本文从法律与金融两个角度,对我国个人住房按揭贷款制度存在的问题,主要有对按揭贷款的捆绑销售问题,格式合同中剥夺借款人对抵押物的合理使用权、加重借款人的责任与义务、剥夺借款人对争议解决方式的选择权、银行单方面解除合同的随意性过大、以及在贷款类别上设置的缺陷,还款方式上的缺陷,提前还贷上存在法律缺陷等,进行较为深入地剖析,最后得出结论与对策建议:一方面需要修订现行相关法规,加强法律监管;另一方面借款人也需要提高自身的知识水平。

The development of the personal house mortgage loan business,while improving resident＇s living conditions,there are some problems existing too,there are many academic articles that have analyzed these problems,but most relevant articles aim to protecting the bank interests,and analyse the behavior which infringes bank interests,no matter in academic circles or practice circles,fewer person analyze it from the angle of protecting the debtor,through making investigations on the spot,find problems that bank sign ＂ loan contract of the mortgage ＂ with debtor before and after,utilize monopoly position and form clause etc to encroach on the debtor＇s just rights and interests,from the law and financial angel,this article makes a comparatively deep analysis to these problems existing in the personal housing Mortgage loan system of our country,mainly,the problems of bundling-sale to mortgage loan,deprive debtor＇s rational usufruct to the mortgage in the form contract,aggravate the debtor＇s responsibility and obligation,deprive debtor＇s right to choose the way of solution about disputes,the way that the bank cancelled the contract unilaterally and at random too much,and the defect of the loan classification,the defect on the mode of repayment,there are legal defects on returning the loan ahead of time. Finally make conclusion and suggestion：On one hand need to revise the current relevant regulation and law,strengthen the law to supervise; On the other hand the debtor needs to improve one＇s own knowledge level too.