人类白细胞抗原G与子痫前期的相关性

Human Leukocyte Antigen G Research Progress and the Correlation with Preeclampsia

人类白细胞抗原G(HLA-G)为非经典的HLA-Ⅰ类分子,特异性高表达于母胎界面的绒毛外滋养细胞,通过诱导免疫耐受对妊娠和胚胎起到保护作用。子痫前期是产科领域危害母婴健康的主要疾病之一,子痫前期患者血清及胎盘组织HLA-G表达下降,但具体作用机制仍不清楚。随着基础研究的深入,明确了HLA-G基因、蛋白质的结构及遗传方式,在基因多态性方面做了大量研究工作,力求从基因水平阐明其与子痫前期的关系。发现部分子痫前期患者可能存在HLA-G基因缺陷,且HLA-G多态性在子痫前期及正常妊娠者中分布也不同。

The human leukocyte antigen G（HLA-G） is non-classical HLA-I class I molecules highly expressing in the the extravillous trophoblast cells of maternal-fetal interface, which has protective effects to pregnancy and embryo by inducing immune tolerance. Pre-eclampsia is one of the major diseases in obstetric field, the expression of HLA-G in patients with preeclampsia, but the mechanism of action still unclear. The progress＇of basic research, the HLA-G gene and protein structures were defined, a lot of work have been done to clarify the relationship between HLA-G polymorphisms and preeclampsia in the gene level. It is found that some patients with pre-eclampsia maybe have HLA-G gene defect, and the distribution of HLA-G polymorphism was also different.