异种金属材料搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状及展望

Research status and prospect on friction stir welding for dissimilar metals

对近年来国内外异种金属搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状进行了总结。重点对异种材料搅拌摩擦焊的特点、应用及其组织演化特征进行归纳和分析。异种材料连接结构具有两种材料综合的优异性能,随着异种材料连接结构应用前景的不断扩大,采用搅拌摩擦焊接技术的优势是生产效率高、焊接变形小、成本低、质量好等。但是,异种材料的搅拌摩擦焊技术存在一个突出的问题就是接头中存在金属间化合物,这会对其力学性能产生十分不利的影响。因此,在进行异种材料的搅拌摩擦焊时,对金属间化合物的形貌及分布状态的控制是获得优良焊接接头的关键所在。

Firstly,the research status of friction stir welding （FSW） for dissimilar materials in recent years is briefly reviewed.The technical characteristics,applications and microstructure evolution of FSW for dissimilar metals are particularly analyzed.Link structures of dissimilar materials have the high performance of two kinds of materials.As the prospect of the application of dissimilar materials expanding, the advantages of using friction stir welding are high production efficiency ,small welding deformation, low cost, and good quality.However,there is a prominent feature of friction stir welding technology for dissimilar materials：there are the intermetallic compound existing on the joints,it will have a very negative impact on its mechanical properties.The key of obtaining excellent joints in the friction stir welding process for dissimilar metals is to control the morphology and the distribution of intermetallic compounds.