华北陆块的构造格局及其演化

STRUCTURE FRAMEWORK AND EVOLUTION OF THE NORTH CHINA CRATON

华北陆块是由陆核→地块(体)→联合地块逐渐生长、增大、拼合形成的。根据大量的地质构造、地层岩石、同位素年代学、含矿特征、地球化学、地球物理等多方面的信息,华北陆块可划分为辽吉、燕辽、阴山、晋冀、豫皖、阿拉善前寒武纪地块和鲁西、胶北前寒武纪地体,鄂尔多斯、华北中新生代盆地,共10个构造单元。华北陆块是多地块拼(缝)合形成。据现有的岩石记录,始太古代-中太古代主要是陆核生成阶段,不排除在早期有绿岩带形成;新太古代主要是花岗岩-绿岩带的生成阶段,花岗岩-绿岩带环绕地核周边形成地块,是华北陆块结晶基底的主要生长时期;古元古代是联合地块的形成阶段,多个地块(体)拼合形成联合地块;中元古代是稳定环境下的拉伸阶段,沿陆块南北两缘形成三大裂谷系(燕辽、狼山—渣尔泰、熊耳山—西阳河);新元古代-古生代陆块形成稳定环境的沉积盖层,除南北两缘外,内部很少有岩浆活动;中-新生代陆块大部分地区为活动大陆边缘的环境,出现大规模的构造-岩浆活动。

The North China Craton（NNC） is generated by amalgamation of continental nuclei,terranes,block and united blocks.According to tectonostratigraphy,geochronogy,mineralization,geochemistry and geophysics,the NCC can be devided into eight Precambrian blocks（united block or terrane） and two Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins which are Erdos and North China basins.The eight blocks include Liao-Ji united block,Yan-Liao united block,Yinshan united block,Jin-Ji united block,Yu-Wan united block,Luxi terrane,Jiaobei terrane and Alashan block.The NNC is generated by amalgamation of multiple blocks.The existing rock records show that paleo-continental nuclei is mainly formed in Paleo-Middlearchean Era during which formation of the early greenstone is not precluded;granite-greenstone terranes were mainly formed in Neoarchean and most of the greenstone terrane were formed around the margin of the nuclei during which the crystallized basement of NNC is formed;united blocks were mainly formed during Paleoproterozoic Era by amalgamation of blocks or terranes;three rift zones i.e.Yan-Liao,Langshan-Zhaertaishan and Xiongershan-Xiyanghe rifts were formed along northern and southern margins of the NNC in Mesoproterozoic Era reflecting a stable extensional setting;from Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic Eras,tectonic process of The NNC was rather quiet with stable sedimentary cover formed,magmatism in the northern and southern margins and rare magmatism inner the NNC;during Mesozoic-Cenozoic Eras,the NNC is dominated by an active continental margin setting which differs from Andes active continental margin,but the former active margin is related to movement between Eurasian continental plate and Pacific ocean plate.