工业废水对作物的毒性研究

Study on Toxicity Industrial Waste Water to Crops

用化工厂废水、皮革厂废水和该两厂的混合废水分别对水稻种子和蚕豆根尖进行处理,观察水稻种子发芽率及幼苗的生长状况,以及蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、异形核率和有丝分裂指数等情况.结果表明:化工厂废水对水稻种子的发芽率及幼苗的生长均有极其显著的抑制作用;皮革厂废水及皮革厂与化工厂的混合废水对水稻的发芽率及幼苗生长的影响均不显著.工业废水能诱发蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高的微核率和异形核率.皮革厂废水61.20‰,两厂混合废水为34.34‰,化工厂废水为10.10‰;异形核率:化工厂废水为10%,两厂混合废水为5.16%皮革厂废水为1.38%;化工厂废水及两厂混合废水对蚕豆根尖细胞分裂具有明显的抑制和危害,皮革厂废水对蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数影响不显著.说明化工厂和皮革厂废水对农作物具有明显的细胞遗传毒性.

After treating the Oryza sativa seeds and the Vicia faba root tip respectively in chemical waste water,tanneries waste water and the mixed waste water of the former two,the Oryza sativa seed germination rate,seedling growth conditions and the micronucleus rate,heteromorphic nucleus of the Vicia faba root tip cells,mitotic index and so on,were all put under observation. The results show that the industrial waste water exerts an extremely inhibitive effect on the germination rate of Oryza sativa seeds and Oryza sativa seedling growth; but tanneries waste water and the mixed waste water exert little effect in this regard. The industrial waste water helps induce a higher rate of micronucleus for Vicia faba root tip cells; the effects that the three kinds of water exert in descending order is：tanneries waste water,mixed waste water,chemical waste water; the inducive effects of the three kinds of water help induce heteromorphic nucleus rate of the Vicia faba root tip cells in desending order is：chemical waste water,mixed waste water,tanneries waste water; chemical waste water and the mixture of the two waste water poses a serious hazard and inhibition on Vicia faba root tip cell division. Tanneries waste water has no significantly effect on Vicia faba root tip cells. Taking all these results,the chemical plants and tanneries waste water on crops has obvious teratogenic effects.