论杜佑“征诸人事,将施有政”的治史主张

"Paying Attention to Laws and Institutions and Applying Them Rationally to the State Administration": Du You's Idea of Studying History

杜佑在继承前人的以史为鉴与以史资治的基础上,进一步认识到历史总结不应该局限于资鉴或者明义,而必须从历代盛衰成败中得出治国施政的经验教训,并期待着统治者将这些经验教训运用于实践中,以达到直接为现实社会服务的目的。杜佑提出的"征诸人事,将施有政"的治史主张,既是对自己施政经验的精要概括,又是对其史学实践的深刻总结。他把历史总结与治国施政联系起来,既反映出时代对史学发展提出的更高的要求,又开辟了一条取鉴典章制度以匡时济世的治史途径,不仅蕴涵深刻的哲学思维,而且有着重要的理论意义。

On the base of inheriting previous viewpoints of ＂taking history as a mirror＂ and ＂administering the state according to history＂,Du You further recognized that history summary should not be confined to learning lessons or understanding justice and should conclude the governing experiences and lessons from the vicissitudes of dynasties.He hoped the rulers could apply these experiences and lessons to practices,thus achieving the purpose of serving the society directly.Du You＇s ideas of ＂paying attention to laws and institutions and applying them rationally to the state administration＂ were not only a brief summary of his governing experiences,but also a impressive summary of his practices of studying history.The fact that he linked history summary with administration policy not only reflected the higher demands of the times for the history study,but also opened an approach to studying history so as to correct evils of the times and do good to the society according to the laws and institutions.It not only implies a profound philosophical thinking,but also has important theoretical significance.