绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的特性及其在分子生物学研究中的应用

Characteristics of the Green Fluorescent Protein(GFP) and Its Application in Molecular Biology Research

作为１种新型、方便的活性标记，来自水母的绿色荧光蛋白（ＧＦＰ）正在多种原核和真核生物研究中应用。近来研究表明，ＧＦＰ具有很多理想的特性，适合用作普遍的报告标记，尤其适合于活体细胞或组织。譬如，ＧＦＰ在细胞中表达，在蓝光或紫外光照射下可以产生明亮的绿色荧光。而且，ＧＦＰ在细胞中呈自主性表达，没有细胞或位置表达的专一性，无需外源反应底物，无需进行细胞或组织的固定和渗透处理，使表达检测很方便。由于ＧＦＰ对光漂白、氧化剂、还原剂以及其它许多化学试剂具有极强的稳定性，因此，可用来监测基因表达、信号转导、共转染、蛋白运输与定位，以及细胞系谱分类等。本文就ＧＦＰ的特性及其在分子生物学研究中的应用潜力。

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish Aequorea victoria has been used as a convenient new vital marker in a wide spectrum of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The GFP gene has recently been shown to possess a munber of desirable traits as a universal reporter especially in living cells and tissues. For example, GFP expressed in cells can yield a bright green fluorescence when the cells are excited by blue or UV light. GFP expression is cell autonomous and independent of cell type and location, which makes its detection covenient without need of exogenous substrates, cell fixation and permealization. Morever, GFP with more stabillity to photobleaching,oxidation/reduction, and chemical reagents etc. can be used in monitoring gene expression, signal transduction, co transfection, transformation, protein trafficking and localization, protein protein interaction, cell seperation and purification, and cell lineage etc. The characteristics of GFP and its potential application in molecular biology research were mainly reviewed in this paper.