江门市新会区小学生孤独感和父母教养方式的相关研究

The relationship between loneliness of primary school students and parental rearing styles of xinhui district in jiangmen city

目的探讨父母教养方式对小学生孤独感的影响。方法按整群抽样原则,从江门市新会区4所小学4～6年级取样1576名小学生,使用《儿童孤独量表》(CLS)进行评测,筛选出有孤独感学生225名为研究组,按匹配原则从无孤独感学生中随机抽225名作为对照组。用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对2组学生进行评定,比较2组学生父母教养方式的差异,并分析父母教养方式各因素对学生孤独感的影响。结果父亲的"情感温暖和理解"、"惩罚严厉"和"拒绝否认"维度上分值研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在母亲的"情感温暖和理解"和"惩罚严厉"维度上分值研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。学生的孤独感与父母的"情感温暖和理解"教养方式呈负相关(r=0.28和r=-0.29),与父母的"拒绝否认"、"惩罚严厉"呈正相关(r=0.36,r=0.29和r=0.29,r=0.28)。影响学生孤独感的主要因素是父母情感温暖和理解、父亲惩罚严厉和父母拒绝否认。结论小学生的孤独感与父母的教养方式有关,父母应改变不良的教养方式。

Objective To explore the affects of parental rearing styles on feeling loneliness among primary school students.Methods 225 students with feeling loneliness formed study group,found from 1576 students with CLS.Other 225 students without feeling loneliness among 1576 students were chosed to make up of control group.Two groups were tested with EMBU.Data was analyzed to find the difference of parental rearing styles between two groups,and the relationship between parental rearing styles and loneliness of students.Results Scores of ＂warmth and understanding＂,＂severe punishment＂ and ＂rejection and denial＂ of father were significantly higher than that in control group,the difference had statistically significant.（P0.01）.Scores of ＂warmth and understanding＂,＂severe punishment＂ of mother were higher than that in control group（P0.01）.Feelings of loneliness were negatively correlated to paretal ＂warmth and understanding＂（r=0.28 and r=-0.29）,but positively correlated to parental ＂severe punishment＂ and ＂rejection and denial＂（r=0.36,r=0.29 and r=0.29,r=0.28）.On the students loneliness,the chief factor were the ＂warmth and understanding＂ of parents,＂severe punishment＂ of father and ＂rejection and denial＂ of parents.Conclusion Parental rearing styles had great affects on children,so parents should change their incorrect rearing styles.