内燃叉车高原环境适应性研究

Analysis of Adaptability for Internal Combustion Forklift at Plateau

针对高原特殊的地理环境和气候特点，分析了大气压强、空气密度和温度等随海拔高度变化的规律，探讨了高原环境对内燃叉车工作性能的影响：即高原环境下发动机动力性下降、经济性恶化、碳烟排放严重、热负荷增加、冷却系统散热能力下降、起动困难；液压系统污染严重、密封性下降、油温过高、油液泄漏量大。提出了提高内燃叉车高原环境适应性的主要技术措施。

This paper focused on the special geography and weather conditions of plateau, the effects of elevation on the atmosphere, air density and temperature were mainly analyzed. The influence of the weather condition of plateau to internal combustion forklift performance is verified ： the power and fuel economy performances decreases, the emission pollutant and thermal load augments, the radiator performance goes down and start of diesel engine becomes difficult, besides, the contamination of hydraulic system becomes worse, the hermetic performance decreases, temperature of hydraulic oil becomes higher and leaking increases. In the end, the main technical measure to improve adaptability of internal combustion forklift at plateau is brought forward.