农村医疗卫生公共产品供给模式研究——基于“第三部门”视角

A Research on the Supply Mode of Health-care Public Goods in Rural Areas from the Perspective of the Third Sector

新中国成立60周年来，我国的农村公共产品供给有着与时俱进的变化。本文按历史的脉络将其分为四个时期：过渡时期、人民公社时期、家庭联产承包责任制时期和税费改革时期，并阐述各时期的供给特点。长期以来，由于我国在公共产品供给上实行“二元制”，我国的农村公共产品供给一直处于被边缘化的弱势地位。面对市场经济、多元治理的必然趋势，市场和政府在公共产品供给中的缺陷日益暴露，第三部门应运而生，发挥着重要的作用。但是我国第三部门在农村医疗卫生公共产品供给中面临诸多问题，因此要促进非政府组织对农村医疗卫生公共产品的供给，建立多主体供给体系；理顺非政府组织与政府的关系，承接部分农村管理职能；加强非政府组织自身建设，健全内部管理机制。

The sixty years since the foundation of China have seen the great changes in the supply of public goods in China rural areas. As stated in the paper, the changes experienced four major stages： the transtional period, the people＇s commune period, the period of the household contract responsibility system and the period of the taxation reform. The characteristics of each period are explained in detail. The fact that the dualistic system has long been used in the public goods supplies has made the rural public good supplies in an unfavorable position. Defects in markets and govemment are gradually exposed with the development of market economy and pluralistic governance, so the Third Sector came into being and has been playing an important role. However the Third Sector confronts many problems. In order to solve them, it is necessary to increase the supplies from non-governmental organizations, to rationalize the relationship between the Third Sector and local governments,and to strengthen the self-construction of non governmental organizations and the inner management of the Third Sector.