孝感市城区学龄前儿童体内微量元素含量研究

Investigation on trace elements levels in preschool children in urban area of Xiaogan city

目的:了解孝感市城区学龄前儿童体内微量元素含量分布,探索影响儿童体内微量元素的因素。方法:将孝感市城区幼儿园分为公立幼儿园和私立幼儿园,在每类中抽取代表性的幼儿园,然后按随机抽样方法抽取班级,以所抽取班级的儿童作为研究对象,采用原子吸收法测定儿童血清铁、锌、硒三种微量元素含量,同时进行问卷调查。用频数分布表和频数分布图描述微量元素含量分布,采用χ2检验在影响因素的等级间作微量元素含量偏低率和偏高率的差异显著性检验,并对儿童微量元素影响因素作出推断。结果:孝感市城区儿童血清铁、锌、硒三种元素的平均水平分别为(21.03±13.44)μmol/L、(14.84±7.51)μmol/L和(2.74±1.07)μmol/L。儿童血清铁元素含量在10～15μmol/L之间所占比例最高,为22.87%;血清锌元素含量在9～12μmol/L之间所占比例最高,为21.50%;血清硒元素含量在2.0～2.5μmol/L之间所占比例最高,为24.57%。孝感市城区儿童血清铁、锌、硒元素含量偏低率分别为11.26%、11.94%、18.09%;偏高率分别为15.40%、13.99%、20.82%。家庭环境因素中的经济因素、父母职业、父母文化程度、监护人、居住环境,儿童进餐行为心理因素中的进餐行为、进餐心理、进餐习惯和食物因素中的营养品加餐、食物种类、零食摄取对儿童微量元素具有显著性影响。结论:孝感市城区学龄前儿童微量元素分布处于中等偏上水平,但个体含量变异大,需采取有效干预措施。

Objective： To understand the distribution of trace elements levels in preschool children in urban area of Xiaogan city, explore the effect factors of trace elements levels. Methods： The kindergartens in urban area of Xiaogan city were divided into public kinder-gartens and private kindergartens,then representative kindergartens were selected from the two kinds of kindergarten,then classes were selected by random sampling,the children in the selected classes were subjects investigated. The serum levels of iron,zinc and selenium in children were detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy,at the same time,questionnaires were used in the study; the distribution of trace elements levels were described by frequency distribution table and frequency distribution chart,significance test of difference of lower rate and higher rate of effect factors grades of trace elements levels was conducted on χ2 test,then effect factors of trace elements levels in children were deduced. Results： The average serum levels of iron,zinc and selenium in children were （ 21. 03 ± 13. 44） μmol/L,（ 14. 84 ± 7. 51） μmol/L and （ 2. 74 ± 1. 07） μmol/L,respectively; the proportion of serum iron level in 10 ～ 15 μmol/L was the highest,accounting for 22. 87% ; the proportion of serum zinc level in 9 ～ 12 μmol/L was the highest,accounting for 21. 50% ; the proportion of serum selenium level in 2. 0 ～ 2. 5 μmol/L was the highest,accounting for 24. 57%. The lower rates of iron,zinc and selenium were 11. 26% ,11. 94% and 18. 09% ,respectively; the higher rates of iron,zinc and selenium were 15. 40% ,13. 99% and 20. 82% ,respectively. The significant effect factors of trace elements levels included family environmental factors （ economy,occupations of parents,educational levels of parents,living environment） ,psychological factors of dining behaviors （ dining behaviors,dining psychology,dining habits） and food factors （ nutriments plus sugar,food kinds,intake of snacks） . Conclusion： The serum trace elements levels in preschool children in urban area of Xiaogan city are above average,but the individual difference is large,effective intervention measures should be adopted.