西南丘陵山区塘堰系统对农田水量平衡的局地调控作用

Local Regulative Function of Multi-Pond System for the Field Water Budget in Hilly Mountainous Region of Southwestern China

以重庆市合川区大石镇高川等4个村土地整理项目为例,基于GIS软件中的水文分析模块,将研究区划分成27个有效集水区,研究了维修前后的塘堰系统对农田水量平衡的调控作用。研究结果表明:27个集水区在降雨平均水平下,由作物需水所引起的水资源短缺总量为245.6mm,通过塘堰系统可以使其减少127.88mm(维修前)和212.90mm(维修后);从时间上看,在7月份的作物需水短缺量高峰段,塘堰系统经过维修后,对作物需水短缺的保障系数从0.4提高到1;从空间上看,塘堰系统维修前,能保证整个集水区内因作物需水所引起水资源短缺的73%,维修后能保证整个集水区内因作物需水所引起水资源短缺的91%。

Using land consolidation project of four villages including Gaochuan in Dashi,Hechuan District in Chongqing as an example,this paper dealed with the regulative function of multi-pond system for field water budget before and after the restoration of multi-ponds through dividing the study area into 27 valid catchments based on the hydrological analysis module of the GIS software. The results showed that： Firstly,in the average level of rainfall,the amount of water shortage caused by water demand of crop was totally 245. 6mm in 27 catchments,and the multi-pond system could reduce 127. 88mm （before the restoration ） and 212. 90mm （after the restoration） ; Secondly,in the terms of time,the multi-pond system improved the protection coefficient for crop water need from 0. 4 to 1. 0 in July which was the peak water demand after the restoration; Finally,in the terms of space,the multi-pond system could satisfy 73% of the crop water demand before the restoration,and 91% after the restoration.