应用水土流失定量遥感方法监测山东全省山丘区的研究

STUDY ON QUANTITATIVE REMOTE SENSING METHOD FORSOIL EROSION LOSSES AND ITS APPLICATIONIN SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA

本文简要介绍了水土流失定量遥感方法的组成和基本原理，重点叙述了它在山东全省山丘区的应用作业和应用结果，并讨论了它的准确性、实用性和应用前景等。该法的监测模型可与美国近年刊出的ＲＵＳＬＥ相媲美，且其因子算式算法系由我国实例资料所建，故有更合我国流失实际的应用效果，尤其它适用于遥感和ＧＩＳ数据的微机处理。其应用结果，不仅有比常规调查法和定性遥感法更准确实用的流失总量、各级面积的统计数据和流失现状图，而且还有流失治理规划的防治强度预报图，山东全省山丘区微机作业历时一年余，达到了预计目标，还建立了全省山丘区８０５１０．９６ｋｍ２流失信息库。首次定量遥感监测结果为：年均流失总量１２７２４．０１万吨；轻度以上侵蚀面积３０７２４．９７ｋｍ２；强度以上侵蚀面积７１５６．００ｋｍ２；需治理面积４２４０。２１ｋｍ２（含急需治理６７４ｋｍ２）．９个拦河水库汇水区监测的年均流失总量与水文站实测算得的年均淤积量有８３％的一致性，且更符合近十年的流失治理实际，则表明定量遥感方法的监测结果可靠。

: In this paper, a quantatative remote sensing method for soil erosin losses isbriefly introduced, and its operation and application in the mountain and hilly areas ofShandong Province, China are described. Although the model form of this method formonitoring soil erosion losses is the same as that of the (American) RUSLE, theformula and algorithms for model factors are generated from the loss data observed inChina Therefore, the method is more applicable to loss regions in our country and issuitable for personal computers to process the data of GIS and remote sensing. It is amore accurate and practical method compared with the conventional survey methodand the qualitative remote sensing method. The results of its application include thetotal loss of region, the area of different grades of soil loss, the soil erosion map,and the forecast map of soil conservation. The total losses monitored by thequantitative remote sensing method are conformable to the deposition values observedand calculated by hydrometric stations in the 9 reservoir valleys with an averageaccuracy of 82.96%, showing the accuracy of the monitoring results obtained by thismethod in Shandong Province (see Table 2).