受阻多元醇酯类冷冻机油的研发进展

Advance of Research and Development on Hindered Polyol Ester Used as Refrigerator Lubricant

对新型环保制冷剂氢氯氟烃(HFCs,如R134a、R407C、R410A等)的使用特点及应用前景进行了分析,提出与新型制冷剂具有良好相容性的酯类基础油合成配方,尤其是与制冷剂R134a和R410A具有良好相容性的基础油是开发冷冻机用润滑油的关键。对受阻多元醇酯类冷冻机油的研发现状进行了系统的总结,介绍了冷冻机油研发过程中各技术环节的关键问题,包括基础油的酯化催化反应、基础油的精制加工、酯的结构与性能的关系、精制工艺对基础油性能的影响、与基础油配伍添加剂的选用等,针对所述的技术关键进行了分析,提出了相应对策。并展望了未来酯类润滑油研发技术的焦点问题和应用前景。

Application characteristics and prospect of new environment-friendly refrigerant HFCs,such as R134a,R407C,R410A,etc,are analyzed.For the research and development of the refrigerant,the prescription of base oil having favorable compatibility with refrigerants,especially with R134a and R410A,is considered as the key factor.Recent research and development on hindered polyol ester used as refrigerator lubricant are systematically reviewed.The key technical problems in the process of researching refrigerator lubricant are introduced,including synthesizing of esters,refining of esters,relations of structure with performance,influence of refining on ester performance,and selection of lubricant additives.The above-mentioned problems are analyzed,and then the countermeasures are put forward.Finally the future technical focus to the research and development of the ester base oil is prospected.