大气环流模式中地面参数化的发展

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAND SURFACE PARAMETERIZATIONS FOR ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL

用于气候模拟和天气预报的大气环流模式要用到地—气间的辐射、水汽和动量通量。这些通量为次网格模式，又被称为地面参数化。在过去２０年里，由于植物学、水文学、卫星遥感技术的不断发展和大量的外场观测试验，这些参数化方案由简单的、缺乏真实性的方案逐渐发展为逼真程度很高的全球土壤—植被—大气交换系统模拟方案。有些参数化方案综合生物化学和生态学的知识，与先进的气候、海洋模式相耦合能够模拟地球系统对全球变化的生物和物理响应，如全球大气中ＣＯ２含量增高现象。

The fluxes of radiation,heat,water and momentum across the land atmosphere interface are important for atmospheric general circulation models(AGCMs).These fluxes are subscale and must be parameterized for large scale models.The parameterized fluxes are called land surface parameterizations,which significantly affect the accuracy of AGCMs.Over the past 20 years,as the plant physiological and hydrological development and a number of field observations,the parameterizations have been improved from simple and unrealistic schemes into credible representations.Some schemes with advancecd biochemical and ecological knowledge and coupled with climate,oceanic models can describe the biological and physical response of earth system to global changes,such as the increase of CO 2 concentration.In this paper,we overview the development of land surface parameterizations and the further researches in the field.