美国加利福尼亚海岸出水石锚的地质学考证

EVIDENCE FOR WHO IS THE PIONEER OF THE AMERICAN CONTINENT FROM GEOLOGICAL STUDY UPON THE STONE ANCHORS FOUND IN THE WESTERN COAST OFFSHORE OF CALIFORNIA

通过对加利福尼亚海岸出水石锚的岩石学和古生物学的研究，初步推断了其原岩的产地，并用１４Ｃ同位素测年测定了保存于石锚内的现代贝壳的年龄，由此大致推断出石锚的入水年龄。以上研究结果表明：（１）这些石锚石料非采自美洲本土，就世界范围而言，其产地分布于环太平洋的新阿尔卑斯皱褶带内，包括日本、台湾、马来西亚、印度尼西亚及中东、西亚乃至地中海沿岸地区；（２）这些石锚至少在１５００年前就已落入海中，也就是说这些石锚的主人要比哥仑布发现美洲新大陆早１０００余年。

Although most people consider Columb the finder of American continent, it has been argued for at least two centuries that if anybody else had reached American continent before Columb. However, studies upon the stone anchors recently found in waters off the western coast of California may supply a lot of new evidence to bring an end to this controversy. By far, specialists from different scientific fields have examined these stone objects, and obtained some significant conclusions. However, different opinions upon these new findings are also raised. Generally, there are two crucial problems for the revealing of the mysterious history of these anchors: one is where did these stone anchors originally come from? and the other is when did they fall into the sea water?. Despite through archaeological, historical, and ethnological studiey upon these anchors to obtain answers for the above two problems, it has special significance to identify the origins of the lithic materials from which these stone anchors are made and to infer the time when they fell into waters through geological studying. So we identified the original places through petrologic and palaeontological study upon the lithic material of one of the stone anchors found in the water of the western coast offshore of California. Then, By radiocarbon dating upon the shells inside this stone anchor, we also infered the time for this anchor falling into the sea. From the results of these studyings, we can draw two fundamental conclusions: (1) The original material of the stone anchor is not from the American continent itself, but distributed around the circum Pacific Neo Alps fold bets, including Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, western Asian, and the coasts of Mediterranean, and so on. (2) These anchors must have fallen into the sea 1545±115 years ago from 1950 on, i.e., it has fallen into the sea at least before 520 A.D.——more than a thousand years earlier than the time when Coloumb first arrived in American continent. Combined with archaeological studying, it is very possible for other people to reach the American continent before Columb arrived there.