以色列议会选举制的特点

The Characteristics of the Parliamentary Electoral System in Israel

本文①认为,以色列虽实行西方式的议会民主制,但其选举制度与英、美等西方国家相去甚远,特点鲜明。以色列议会选举采用单一选区比例代表制度,即全国为一个选区,以政党或集团为单位参加竞选,然后根据各党派在全国范围所得总票数,按比例分配议席。其结果是,各政党或联盟从未获得单独组阁所需半数以上的议席(61席),均不能单独组阁,必须组成联合政府。以色列议会选举制是造成国内党派滋生和政坛混乱的主要根源,它为代表少数人利益的小党充斥以色列政坛提供契机,中小党派的"剩余能量"和"超常影响力"又激励了中小党派的产生,导致恶性循环。

Though Israel has introduced western parliamentary democracy,its electoral system is different from those of most western countries.Israel adopts a proportional representation system with a single-member district: the whole state of Israel is one electoral constituency in Knesset elections.Only political parties or party-coalitions,rather than individuals,are eligible to participate in elections.Knesset seats are distributed among factions of the political parties and party-coalitions based on their proportion of the total number of votes cast.Since no single political party or party-coalition can emerge from an election with an overall majority to form a government,they have to form a coalition.This unique form of parliamentary democracy in Israel provides a breeding ground for political factions and leads to much political disorder,with the result that Israeli politics is full of small parties.Small and medium-sized parties fracture into new small and medium parties,again and again,producing a vicious circle in Israeli politics.