中国在世界科学中的地位和影响定量评估

A Quantitative Assessment on China＇s Scientific Position and Influence in the World

一国的科学实力是在现有科研环境和条件下,进行科研投入、开展纯基础研究和应用引发的基础研究,并取得科学产出的总体水平与能力,是一个国家科学实际能力与潜力的综合体现。本文建立了科学实力的评价指标体系,并利用主成分投影法对世界主要国家的科学实力和影响力进行定量评估。研究表明：虽然我国的科学实力已经大幅提升,但我国的科学影响仍然不高,不仅低于传统科学强国美国、英国、德国、日本和法国,而且还低于瑞士、以色列等小国。这说明我国基础研究仍处于从跟踪、积累到酝酿突破的阶段,要达到国际先进水平还需要一段时间,甚至可能是比较长的时间。

A country＇s national power of science is the comprehensive level and capacity for a country to conduct pure basic research and application-induced basic research to obtain scientific output.This article sets up an index system of national power of science,and conducts a quantitative assessment on China＇s science position and influence in the world using main component projection method.The results show that although China＇s national power of science has increased greatly,its scientific influence is inferior to traditional great power such as U.S.,U.K.,Germany,Japan and France,even inferior to some small countries such as Switzerland and Israel.China＇ s basic research is still at the gate of break.There is a long way for China to realize qualitative change in Science.