绿色城市不是可持续发展城市——生态系统观念在城市发展研究中的重要性

Green City Isn't Sustainable City: The Importance to Apply "Homeostatic Balance" in Urban Development Research

在社会和经济发展的许多方面，保护环境和实现可持续发展已成为中国城市发展的目标。在城市规划和建筑设计中，与保护环境有关的具体措施，包括增加绿地面积，已开始逐步实施。然而对于城市在可持续发展中的地位和推进城市可持续发展战略的认识依然有限，对于２１ 世纪新的城市概念、新的城市形态和模式的研究还刚刚开始；已有百年历史的“花园城市”理论仍在毒化人的心灵和全球环境，因为这种城市模式在发达国家和部分发展中国家中实现的同时，全球环境却在继续恶化。片面的城市绿化措施，不仅不能使城市向可持续发展迈进，而且会掩盖和助长反持续发展的倾向。只有将生态平衡原理引入城市设计，将城市作为一个空间范围来考察资源的流出和流入，才可能找到环境和发展问题的核心。

China has made a clear commitment to achieving sustainability in many areas of our economy and society that affect the environment. Environmental protection policies, including increasing greenery in cities, are gradually implemented in urban planning and urban design. Yet relatively little is understood about the role of city in the development and ecological urban pattern to be achieved with planning, particularly in Chinese social and economic tradition. Howard's 'garden city' theory has proved to be misleading by its success in increasing number of garden cities, such as in North America, and as a consequent, continuing depletion of global environment. The paper argues that greenery program in city policy may missed the target of sustainable development, or even allow unsustainable mechanism continues and prevails. It points out that to apply 'Homeostatic Balance' concept in urban planning is essential in design new urban forms for the 21st century, in which traditional Chinese 'Eco city' pattern has indicated the direction. The paper stands for 'circular metabolism' : every city becomes a self-sufficient organism in which output transforms into input, which the city is sustained on.