地震中受灾群体与救援人员人格、应对方式和心身健康比较

Comparative Study on Personality,Coping Style and Psychosomatic Health between Victims and Rescue Workers Following the Earthquake

目的比较地震灾后受灾群众和救援人员的人格特点、应对方式和心身健康差异,为灾后不同群体的心理危机干预提供指导。方法 5.12四川地震后第8天用人格量表、应对方式量表和心身健康量表对受灾群众和救援人员两个群体共436人作调查分析。结果受灾群众的合群、信任、同情、责任人格特点分数显著高于救援人员(t=-3.126,P<0.01;t=-3.276,P<0.01;t=-2.755,P<0.01;t=-2.458,P<0.05);变通和乐观显著低于救援人员(t=2.151,P<0.05;t=4.627,P<0.001)。退避、幻想、自责及合理化应对方式分数显著高于救援人员(t=-6.726,P<0.001;t=-6.004,P<0.001;t=-4.462,P<0.001;t=-4.114,P<0.001)。抑郁、烦躁、愤怒、焦虑、恐惧、注意力、失眠、生理不适应心身健康分数显著高于救援人员(t=-2.353,P<0.05;t=-2.110,P<0.05;t=-3.276,P<0.05;t=-6.142,P<0.001;t=-11.032,P<0.001;t=-5.070,P<0.001;t=-8.950,P<0.001;t=-8.035,P<0.001;)。结论地震灾后救援人员比受灾群众有较好的人格、应对方式和健康心理,地震对受灾群众造成的不良心理影响大于救援人员。

Objective To compare the difference in personality characters,coping style and psychosomatic health between the victims and rescue workers Following the 5·12 Earthquake.Methods A total of 436 victims and rescue workers were investigated by three questionnaires,including revised personality,coping style and psychosomatic health.Results In the personality test,except for illusion and altruism,independence,persistence,venture,self-disipline,composedness,sensitivity and patience,there were signiticant differences in the other factors（t=-3.126,P〈0.01;t=-3.276,P〈0.01;t=-2.755,P〈0.01;t=-2.458,P〈0.05;t=2.151,P〈0.05;t=4.627,P〈0.001）.In coping style test,the scores of parry,illusion,self-accusation,and rationalization of the victims were significantly higher than those of the rescue workers（t=-6.726,P〈0.001;t=-6.004,P〈0.001;t=-4.462,P〈0.001;t=-4.114,P〈0.001）.In psychosomatic health test,except for solitude,interest,self-efficacy and appetite,there were significant differences in the other factors（t=-2.353,P〈0.05;t=-2.110,P〈0.05;t=-3.276,P〈0.05;t=-6.142,P〈0.001;t=-11.032,P〈0.001;t=-5.070,P〈0.001;t=-8.950,P〈0.001;t =-8.035,P〈0.001;）.Conclusion The rescue workers＇ personality,coping style and psychosomatic health are satisfactory.