毁誉参半的科学天才——纪念威廉·肖克莱诞辰100周年

A Controversial Genius in Science——To Commemorate the 100th Anniversary Shockley's Birth

威廉.肖克莱作为晶体管的发明人、诺贝尔奖得主、美国硅谷的奠基人和优生学观点的坚持者走过了辉煌而又饱受非议的一生。他的卓见和追求值得我们纪念,他的过失和失败也值得我们借鉴,为此本文就所掌握的史料从肖克莱的生平、晶体管发明权的争议、肖克莱半导体实验室的"八大叛逆"事件、硅谷诞生的烽烟和肖克莱提倡的优生学带来的纷争五个方面对肖克莱的一生进行评述。

As an inventor of the transistor,a Nobel Laureate,a founder of Silicon Valley and an advocator of eugenics,William Shockley had a proud and controversial life.His foresights and pursuits are worth for us to remember.Meanwhile his faults and failures are worth to be used as a source of reference.According to the history of science,this essay will review the life of William Shockley from 5 perspectives,his lifetime,the controversy about the invention right of the transistor,the rebelling event in the Shockley Semiconductor Lab,the foundation of Silicon Valley and Shockley's eugenics.