中国蝮属蛇类的RAPD分析

RAPD ANALYSIS OF PIT-VIPERS OF THE GENUS AGKISTRODON IN CHINA

用 RAPD技术研究了我国 5种蝮属蛇类 (中介蝮、蛇岛蝮、短尾蝮、高原蝮、乌苏里蝮 )的系统发生关系。研究中使用了 33个蝮蛇标本和 2个草原蝰标本 ,用 1 1个引物对样品分别作 RAPD扩增 ,获得 72个扩增片段。以 UPGMA法聚类 ,推测系统发生关系。上述每一种均各自先聚为一类。中介蝮有较大的种下分化。中介蝮的甘肃标本、宁夏标本、指名亚种及黑眉亚种间有一定的遗传距离。蛇岛蝮与中介蝮各亚种 (种群 )间的遗传距离更大。短尾蝮的江、浙、皖标本间的关系接近而它们与陕西标本间的关系较远。甘肃和陕西高海拔地区的蝮蛇标本可能同属于高原蝮。乌苏里蝮是中国蝮属蛇类最基部的分支。

The phylogenetic relationship of pit vipers of the genus Agkistrodon from China was studied using RAPD technique. Totals of 33 samples of Agkistrodon and 2 samples of Vipera ursinii were used in this study, and phylogenetic relationships were inferred using UPGMA based on 72 RAPD makers which were amplified with 11 decamer primers. Each of the species clustered respectively first. Considerable intraspecific differentiation was found in A. intermedius. A certain genetic distance was detected among A. i. intermedius, A. i . saxatilis and Gansu samples and Ningxia samples of A. intermedius. A. shedaoensis showed a higher genetic distance to these subspecies (populations) of A. intermedius. The samples of A. brevicaudus from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces showed closer relationship among each other than that between them and the samples from Shaanxi Province. The samples of Agkistrodon from high altitude regions of both Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces probably should be referred to A. strauchi. A. ussuriensis is identified as the most basal lineage of the genus Agkistrodon from China. The results of RAPD analysis suggest that the genus Agkistrodon is a highly differentiated group.