黄淮海平原典型区冬小麦水分胁迫规律与灌溉策略

Water stress of winter wheat and irrigation strategy in typical region of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

黄淮海平原区是中国主要的水分亏缺区,进行合理的灌溉,充分提高水分利用效率是近些年该地区农业研究的重要课题。该文利用环境政策综合气候模型(environmental policy integrated climate,EPIC),通过模拟黄淮海平原典型区河北沧州地区冬小麦在3种灌溉情景下的生长过程探索合理的灌溉策略。首先通过雨养(无灌溉)情景模拟,分析在当地气候条件下冬小麦生长期内水分胁迫的变化规律,然后通过自动灌溉,调整单次灌溉最大量来分析产量、水分利用效率的变化规律,并根据灌溉实施过程探索合理的人工灌溉方式进行手动灌溉模拟。研究发现:该地区冬小麦在生长期内缺水严重,存在4个主要的水分胁迫期,分别位于分蘖期、返青期、拔节期和灌浆期;通过分析自动灌溉结果,冬小麦在播种期需灌溉10mm,分蘖期40mm,返青期35mm,拔节期35mm,灌浆期10mm,能在提高产量的同时保证水分利用效率在一个较高的水平;试验证明,利用EPIC模型可较好地进行作物的水分胁迫与灌溉策略研究。

As the main agriculture area,Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is also one major water deficit region in China.Thus,reasonable and efficient irrigation plays an important role in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Using EPIC（environmental policy integrated climate） crop growth model,authors of this paper mainly simulated the growth of winter wheat in Cangzhou city of Hebei province,a typical regional area in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.Through the simulation under the condition of no irrigation,the rule of water stress on the local climate condition was determined during the winter wheat growing season and four main water stress stages（tillering stage,green up stage,jointing stage and filling stage）were also derived.Then the crop growth under the condition of auto irrigation was simulated by changing the single irrigation Max（ATMX）.Based on yield and water use efficiency（WUE）,the irrigation strategy（Sowing stage：10 mm,tillering stage：40 mm,green up stage：35 mm,jointing stage：35 mm,filling stage：10 mm）suitable for local conditions was acquired.It is proved that EPIC is a useful tool for agricultural management.