玉米收获机茎秆堆放装置设计

Design of stacking mechanism for corn straws on combine

机械化整秆回收可提高玉米茎秆回收效率、降低回收成本,是玉米茎秆综合开发利用的一个重要环节。在现有玉米收获机械化技术的基础上,开发了玉米茎秆堆放装置,采用铣切刀、搅龙和压送器等部件将玉米茎秆割下、切断并条铺成行,然后由安装在玉米收获机后下方的搂草机构将其集成草堆。堆放装置采用机电液一体化技术,操作人员可通过调节旋钮,方便地改变玉米茎秆的堆间距,机具在地头转向时,操作人员可以通过操作相应按键,方便地控制搂草过程的启、停。试验表明:该玉米收获机茎秆堆放装置工作安全、可靠,与传统的收获相比,玉米茎秆整秆回收效率可提高50%以上。该装置的设计,为玉米茎秆回收和高效生态化利用创造了条件。

Harvesting whole stalk by mechanization,as an important link of comprehensive exploitation and utilization for corn straws,can improve their recovery efficiency,and reduce their recovery cost.Based on the existing corn harvest mechanization techniques,a stacking mechanism for corn straws on combine was developed,corn stalks were cut off and paved on line by a milling cutter,a screw conveyor and a group of pressure delivery devices etc.,and then they were collected into stack by a hay rake which was installed on the back of the combine.Mechanical-electrical-liquid technique was adopted on the hay rake,operator could easily change the distance of corn straw stacks through adjusting knobs,and could easily start or stop working process through operating corresponding buttons.Experiment results showed that the stacking mechanism for corn straws on combine worked safely and reliably,and its atuomatic control system ran accurately and efficiently,the efficiency of whole stalk harvest increased more than 50% compared with traditional way.The system provides conditions for the recovery and efficient ecological use of corn straw.