作为燃油的小桐子油的物化性质及黏温特性

Physicochemical properties and viscosity-temperature characteristic of jatropha curcas oil as fuel

小桐子油特殊的物理化学性质(尤其是黏度)是制约其作为柴油机燃料的重要因素。因此,研究小桐子油的物理化学性质和黏温特性是十分重要的,对于小桐子油的实际应用有重要的指导意义。该文分析了小桐子油的物理化学性质,并利用旋转黏度计测量了不同试剂在各种温度下的黏度,以研究小桐子油的黏温特性。结果表明:小桐子油的物理化学性质虽然与普通柴油有一些差距,但作为柴油机燃料使用是可行的。而且随着温度的升高,小桐子油的黏度逐渐减小,并在温度为150℃时,达到柴油在常温(20℃)下的水平,可以直接作为柴油机的燃料。特别地,以质量分数为20%小桐子油和80%柴油掺混而成的混合试剂的黏度更加适合实际应用。

The specific physicochemical properties of jatropha curcas oil（especially viscosity）is an important restrictive factor that jatropha curcas oil was applied in diesel engine.Therefore,the study on physicochemical properties of jatropha curcas oil and viscosity-temperature characteristic is very important for practical application of jatropha curcas oil and has important guiding significance.The physicochemical properties of jatropha curcas oil were analyzed,and viscosity was measured at different temperatures in a variety of reagents with a rotating viscometer for studying the viscosity-temperature properties of jatropha oil.The results showed that physicochemical properties of jatropha curcas oil had some difference with that of regular diesel,but jatropha curcas oil could be a fuel of diesel engine.Moreover,with increase of temperature,the viscosity of jatropha curcas oil gradually decreased,and at 150℃,it could reach leve of diesel at room temperature（20℃）,so the preheatedjatropha curcas oil could be used directly as a fuel of diesel engine.In particular,the viscosity of mixed reagent（the mass fraction of 20% jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends made of 80%）is more suitable for practical application.