北京市不同体型小学生饮食行为调查

Pupils' Dietary Behaviors with Different Figures in Beijing

目的比较北京市正常体重、超重和肥胖儿童的饮食行为状况,为制定儿童肥胖的营养干预措施和进行相关健康教育提供科学依据。方法选择北京市8所非寄宿制公立小学的二～五年级学生1581名,根据中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)制定的"中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数值分类标准",对学生进行正常体重、超重和肥胖分类。采用自行设计的《小学生调查问卷》,对小学生进行饮食行为状况的问卷调查。结果北京市不同体型小学生每周吃早餐天数不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不吃早餐的肥胖学生最高(3.08%);每周只吃1～3d早餐和每周只吃4～6d早餐的超重学生最高(10.00%,14.17%);每天都吃早餐的正常体重学生最高(82.86%)。正常体重、超重、肥胖小学生对早餐食用新鲜蔬菜的应答率呈递减趋势;只有49.32%的北京市小学生每周喝奶≥7次。吃西式快餐≥4次/月、经常或每天晚上睡觉前0.5h吃东西、每周在外就餐≥14次的肥胖学生应答率均最高。大部分学生选择在学校吃午餐(76.80%)。结论北京市不同体型小学生饮食行为状况不同,应努力帮助儿童纠正不良的饮食习惯,使其坚持每天吃早餐、每天喝奶、科学减肥。

Objective To compare the normal-weight,overweight and obese children＇ s dietary behaviors in Beijing,in order to provide the scientific basis for nutrition interventions and related health educations for childhood obesity.Methods Pupils in grade 2 to 5 were selected from 8 Beijing non-boarding public primary schools,and their height,weight were measured based on the ＂2005 National Student Detection Standard of Physical Health＂,and their BMI were also calculated.Normal-weight,overweight and obese students were categorized according to ＂Chinese Children and Adolescents Overweight and Obesity Body Mass Index Reference Norm for Screening＂ developed by Chinese Obesity Working Group （WGOC）.By using a self-designed questionnaire a survey was conducted among 1 581 pupils aged from 7 to 14 to know their dietary behaviors.Results Pupils with different shape in Beijing primary schools had different breakfast frequency in a week,and the difference was statistically significant（P0.05）.Obese students responded highest to not eating breakfast （3.08%）,and overweight students responded highest to eating breakfast 1-3 days and 4-6 days a week （10.00% and 14.17% respectively）,and normal-weight students responded highest to eating breakfast every day （82.86%）.The response rate of normal-weight,overweight and obese school children to eating fresh vegetables in breakfast had descending trend,and the response rate of normal-weight students to eating fresh fruits in breakfast was higher than that of overweight and obese students.Only 49.32% pupils insisted drinking milk ≥ 7 times a week.Response rates of obese pupils eating western-style fast food ≥ 4 times per month,often or every night eating in half an hour before sleeping,and eating outside ≥ 14 times a week were highest.Most students chose to have lunch at school （76.80%）.Conclusion Pupils with different shape have diverse eating behaviors,and some poor dietary behaviors may be the risk factors of overweight and obesity.Efforts should be taken to help children to correct bad eating habits,let them eat breakfast and drink milk every day,guide children to loose weight scientifically.