四棱豆油脂、脂肪酸、蛋白质、氨基酸的分析

Analysis of Total Lipid Content, Fatty Acid Composition, Total Protein Content and Amino Acid Composition of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus [L.] D.c.) Seeds

以4个四棱豆品种的种子为材料,采用索式提取法、毛细管柱测定总脂肪含量及分析各脂肪酸含量;利用凯氏定氮法、全自动氨基酸分析仪测定蛋白质总量及各蛋白氨基酸组成。结果表明,四棱豆种子中油脂总量在20%～22%,主要含有28种脂肪酸,油酸占单不饱和脂肪酸的90.7%;多不饱和脂肪酸主要为亚油酸、α-亚麻酸和EPA;饱和脂肪酸平均含量为25.76%,主要为棕榈酸和硬脂酸。蛋白质总量在38%左右,必需氨基酸含量丰富。

Four cultivars of winged bean seeds were analyzed for total lipid content and fatty acid composition by Soxhlet extraction coupled with gas chromatography, total protein content by the Kjeldahl method and amino acid composition on a Hitachi model L-8800 automated amino acid analyzer. Results showed that the total lipid contents of 4 cultivars of winged bean seeds varied from 20% to 22% and 28 fatty acids were identified in each winged bean oil, in which, oleic acid accounted for 90.7% of the total monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA）, the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids consisted of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and EPA and the average content of saturated fatty acids was 25.76%. The total protein contents of 4 cultivars of winged bean seeds were approximately 38%. Four cultivars of winged bean seeds were all rich in essential amino acids.