中国对外贸易结构及出口竞争优势的实证研究

Empirical Study on Foreign Trade Structure and Export Competitiveness of China

文章对中国对外贸易结构及出口竞争优势进行了分析。从出口结构来看,中国人力资本密集型产品的出口位居第一,其次是非熟练劳动密集型产品和自然资源密集型产品。从进口结构来看,人力资本密集型产品的进口仍位居第一,自然资源密集型产品位居第二,非熟练劳动密集型产品和资本密集型产品的进口份额比较小。通过构建贸易竞争指数和Michaely指数等指标,对中国出口产品的竞争优势进行了分析。结果表明,自然资源密集型产品处于竞争劣势的地位;非熟练劳动密集型产品具有较强的国际竞争优势;资本密集型产品处于竞争劣势的地位;人力资本密集型产品处于平均的竞争水平。

This paper analyzes the of China. From export structure point foreign trade structure and competitive advantages of exports of view, China ranks first in export of human resource-intensive products in the world, and unskilled labor-intensive products and natural resource-intensive products come next. From import structure point of view, China still ranks first in human resource-intensive products in the world and natural resource-intensive products ranks second, and unskilled labor-intensive products and capital intensive products share a smaller portion. By building trade competitive index and Michaely index, this paper measures and analyzes the competitive advantages of China＇s exports. The results indicate that natural resource-intensive products are in a weak position, unskilled labor-intensive products have higher international competitive advantage, capital intensive products are in a position of weakness and human resource-intensive products keep the world average level.