新石器时代黄河流域文化格局的变迁与筒形罐系统的文化趋势

The Changes of Culture Pattern of the Neolithic Age in the Huanghe Valley and the Trends of the Tube-shaped Jar System

筒形罐系统是新石器时代北中国地区重要的文化系统。新石器时代中期,筒形罐系统一度占据着太行山东麓的广袤区域,使得筒形罐系统的领地从东北地区拓展至冀南豫北地区,并且形成了具有明显过渡类型色彩的磁山文化。此后,随着东方釜鼎系统和西方仰韶系统交替占据黄河流域的主流地位,迫使筒形罐系统的南部前沿从冀南豫北地区向北退缩至燕山—西辽河一带,筒形罐系统此后的空间拓展方向也转向了东北腹地。在此背景下,燕山南北成为筒形罐系统与中原文化频繁接触、融合的新地带,先后产生了赵宝沟文化和红山文化等强势文化支系。可见,黄河流域的文化格局不仅改变了筒形罐系统的空间拓展方向,而且直接加剧了筒形罐系统内部各支系间的分化。

The tube-shaped jar system was an important culture system of the Neolithic age in Northern China.The system had occupied the eastern foothills of the Taihang mountain for some time in the mid of the Neolithic age,which expanded its domain from the northeast to the south region of Hebei province and the north region of Henan province.With transitional type features,the Cishan culture had formed consequently.After that,the Huanghe valley had been occupied in turn by the Ding-fu system from the east and the Yangshao system from the west,which forced the tube-shaped jar system shrank back from the south region of Hubei province and the north region of Henan province to the region of the Yanshan mountain and the west Liao river.Under such circumstances,the north and south foothills of the Yanshan mountain became the cultural exchange region between the tube-shaped jar system and the central plain culture,where the branch of powerful cultures such as the Zhaobaogou culture and the Hongshan culture had formed one after another.It can be clear seen that the cultural pattern in the Huanghe valley not only changed the expanding direction of the system but aggravated the divisions of the different branches inside it.