中国古代文论中的想象论

Ancient Chinese Imagination Theory

中国古代的想象论主要集中在文论家的论述中。三国和西晋时期的陆机、南北朝齐梁之际的刘勰、南宋时期的严羽、明清之际的叶燮等著名文论家都对想象做出过理论探索。具体可以概括为:想象是一种形神相远的心理体验;想象是一种神与物游的活动;想象是一种联类不穷的操作;想象与情志、气质、语言密切相关;想象是"悟"与"妙悟"所达到的境界,想象的产生需要虚静的心态、学问与才能的积累,对事物敏锐的观察与感悟以及文学修养的水平,特别是驾驭语言的能力。

Ancient Chinese imagination theory was mainly found in the reviews of literary commentators such as Lu Jun, Liu Xie, Yan Yu, Ye Xie. They all explored imagination in a theoretic way. Ancient Chinese imagination theory can be summarized： imagination is a kind of psychological experience in which the form is detached from spirit; imagination is a kind of activity in which spirit moves together with matter; imagination is a kind of operation which unceasingly relates various types; imagination has a close eorrdation with emotional spirit, disposition and language; imagination is the state which ＂awakening＂ and ＂ingenious awakening＂ have arrived at; imagination production calls for a modest and peaceful frame of mind, the accumulation of knowledge and talent, a keen observation and comprehension of things, literary cultivation, and especially language competence.