重庆市初、高中学生性知识与性教育现况调查比较分析

A Comparative Study on Status of Sexual Knowledge and Sex Education Between Junior and Senior Middle School Students

目的:了解重庆市初、高中学生在性知识方面的现状与差异,为制定相应有效的性健康教育策略提供参考,以提高青少年的性健康水平。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,分别选取重庆市两所中学从初一到高三共六个年级的学生进行问卷调查。结果:在性知识知晓情况上比较,除基本生理知识外,高中生对性知识的掌握程度普遍高于初中生,而在偶然性行为能导致怀孕知晓上偏低(高中生49.69%,初中生36.87%);在性教育内容上,主要是青春期的生理知识和心理知识,高中生在获得青春期生理知识(69.33%)和艾滋病防治知识方面(47.24%)高于初中生(62.83%,35.99%);在回答给予性知识最多的指导者当中,初中生排在前三位的依次是:同性朋友或同学(37.17%),学校老师(19.47%),母亲(10.32%);高中生前三位是:同性朋友或同学(56.13%),其他(如QQ陌生朋友等)(13.5%),异性朋友或同学(9.82%),与初中生相比,高中生更倾向于从朋友或陌生人处获得性指导。初高中生的性知识获取途径以学校课程为主。结论:高中生与初中生相比,对性知识的掌握有所增加,但在性知识侧重点、获得的性教育内容、性知识来源及性指导者方面均存在差异。开展针对有效的性健康教育,对提高青少年性健康水平是必要的。

Objective To study the status and differences of sexual knowledge in junior and senior middle school students in Chongqing, and provide references for obtaining effective sex health education strategy. Methods Students in two middle schools were chosen by stratified cluster sampling method and surveyed with questionnaires. Results For sexual knowledge, compared with the junior middle school students, the senior middle school students generally had more knowledge than juniors. For the content of sex health education, the senior students knew more about physiology in puberty （69.33%） and relevant knowledge on HIV/AIDS （47.24%） than junior students, whose awareness rate were 62.83% and 35.99% respectively. For the guidance of sexual knowledge, the first three for junior students were friends or classmates of the same gender （37. 17% ）, teachers （19.47%） and mother （ 10.32% ）. While the three for the senior students were friends or classmates of the same gender （56.13%） , others （ 13.5% , such as strangers in QQ） and friends of the opposite gender （9.82%）. The main way to gain sexual knowledge for both the junior and senior students was related courses in school. Conclusion There exist many differences in content, source and guidance of sexual knowledge between junior and senior middle school students. It is necessary to carry out specific sex health education for improving adolescents＇ sexual health.