污泥堆肥厂臭气的产生和处理技术研究进展

Odor Production and Treatment Technologies in Sewage Sludge Composting Plant

污泥堆肥厂产生的臭气成分复杂,主要为氮化物、硫化物、挥发性有机物,不同的物料和堆肥条件对恶臭物质的产生量影响较大。污泥堆肥过程中氨的释放浓度较高,为臭气的主要成分,但其臭气阈值相对较高;而有机硫化物的释放浓度虽然较低,但其臭气阈值很低,对臭气的总贡献较大,也应是恶臭控制和处理的目标污染物。在城市污泥堆肥过程中,可以通过优化堆肥条件等措施控制臭气的产生和释放,同时对厂区产生的臭气进行收集和集中处理。在各臭气处理方法中,生物除臭法适合处理低浓度、大流量的臭气,在堆肥气体除臭方面具有较好的应用前景。

Odors produced in sludge composting plants are complex and normally composed of nitrogen-based compounds, sulphur-based compounds and volatile organic compounds （VOCs）. Different substrates and composting conditions have significant influence on the production of odorous substances. Ammonia is the main odorous gas emitted and can reach a low concentration during sludge composting. But ammonia has a relatively high odor threshold concentration. The concentration of organic sulfur com- pounds is low but they have a low odor threshold concentration and should be considered to be a target odorant for odor control and treatment as they contribute greatly to the total odor concentration. During the sludge composting process, optimizing the composting conditions can reduce the odor production and emission. And odors should be captured and treated before they are emitted to the atmosphere. Among the several options available to treat odorous substances, the biological treatment method can be adapted to treat odors with low concentration and high flux, it is proved to be efficient for composting odor control.