《灌顶拔除过罪生死得度经》与“文化汇流”

Bachu Guozui Shengsi Dedu Jing and China-India Cultural Convergence

十二卷本《大灌顶经》是中国南北朝时期僧人撰写的经典,亦即所谓"伪经"。其中第十二卷《灌顶拔除过罪生死得度经》是药师信仰的源头,也是现存药师经的最早形态。隋唐时期,药师经又先后三译,说明此经在中国诞生后曾传入印度,经过印度文化的改造,再传回中国。这是佛教发展中文化汇流现象的一个具体案例。

This paper points out that the 12 -volume Abhiseka Sutra was ini- tially compiled by a Chinese monk in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and therefore it was in fact among the Apocrypha. The 12th volume of the sutra, enti- tled Guanding Bachu Guozui Shengsi Dedu Jing in Chinese, was the origin of the belief of Bhaisajyaguru in ancient China. Meanwhile, it was also the earliest ex- tant form of the Bhaisajyaguru Sutra. In the Sui and Tang period, three Chinese versions of the Bhaisajyaguru Sutra turned out, indicating that this sutra should have been brought to India after it was first worked out in China; while in India, it must have undergone some transformation under the influence of Indian culture, and then came back to China again. This is a specific case of China - India cul- tural convergence in the developmental history of Buddhism.