鸦片战争时期中英炮弹技术和性能优劣再析

Analyzing the Technology and Specification of Chinese and British Bullets during the Opium War

鸦片战争时期,中英主导性炮弹都为球形实心铅铁弹。清军炮弹从材质看,分石弹、生铁弹、铅弹、铜包铅弹和熟铁弹五种;从外形来看,分圆球和长体形两种;从性能看,分实心和空心爆炸弹两种。英国除了还在使用球形实心生铁或熟铁弹之外,已大量利用链弹、杠弹、霰弹、葡萄弹、榴霰弹、新式爆炸弹、燃烧弹等。战争中,英舰炮发射筒形霰弹、葡萄弹、榴霰弹、新式爆炸弹和燃烧弹等,这是英军方面"炮利"的秘密之所在。本文从技术和社会两方面对清军炮弹技术与性能不良的原因进行了讨论。

During the Opium War,both the materials and specification of the British army were superior than the Chinese army.This paper discusses the reasons for the ill performance of the bullet making technology and specification of Qing army.