从东南亚到非洲:日本对外援助的政治经济学

From Southeast Asia to Africa:the Political Economy of Japan's Foreign Aid

2006年,日本对非洲的援助开始超过亚洲,非洲成为接受日本对外援助最多的地区。这一变化是长期以来日本对外援助理念、与受援国关系建构以及与主要援助国互动关系变化的反映。本文试图构建一种援助体系的分析框架,并确定了影响对外援助的三组关系:援助国与受援国的关系、对外援助与国内政治的联系、对外援助与国际社会的联系。日本对外援助理念和政策的变化正是这三组关系在不同阶段影响程度不同的反映。通过研究发现,日本的对外援助已经远远超出了经济利益和人道主义考虑的范围,将援助作为外交和战略工具逐渐成为其对外援助的一个重要特征。日本的对外援助是援助研究中比较有代表性的案例,通过这一研究能更好地认识国际援助的发展。另外,日本对外援助过程中的一些经验教训也能为中国提供借鉴。

Africa surpassed Asia to become the largest recipient continent of Japan＇s foreign aid in 2006. The event marked a significant shift of Japan＇s foreign aid thinking, the relationship structures among donor nations as well as those between recipient and donor nations. This paper constructs an analytical framework to analyze three crucial relationships which influence foreign aid behavior, that between recipient and donor nations, that between foreign aid and domestic politics, and that between foreign aid and the international society. The different combinations of these three relationships are crucial to understanding Japan＇s foreign aid thinking and policy at different stages. This paper points out that Japan＇s foreign aid thinking has gone beyond its original humanitarian and economic objectives. To Japan, its foreign aid policy is increasingly a diplomatic and strategic tool. Japan＇s foreign aid policy offers a unique case in the study of foreign aid, and provides invaluable insights to developments in international aid as a whole. Furthermore, Japan＇s experiences in the process are important references to China when Beijing constructs its own foreign aid policy.