浙江省慈溪市犬类狂犬病病毒携带状况调查及变异研究

A study on the carrying status and variation of rabies virus in dogs in Cixi city,Zhejiang province

目的研究犬类狂犬病病毒的携带状况及变异,为正确有效控制狂犬病疫情提供依据。方法根据狂犬病疫情分布,用分层采样法,采集相关地区犬脑51只,用免疫荧光法、夹心酶联吸附法、小鼠颅内接种试验法及RT-PCR进行检测。分离狂犬病病毒并进行N基因测序。结果在流浪犬只中发现狂犬病毒株(命名CXs)。流浪犬带毒率7.69%,CXs与疫苗株和固定毒株的NJ进化树比较,发现与WZO(H)株100%同源,与狂犬病毒固定毒株相比更接近CTN株(该地区使用的疫苗株)。结论当前使用的狂犬疫苗用于预防狂犬病是可靠的。经狂犬病流行特征和暴露后免疫预防处理分析,加强犬只的管理、免疫,暴露后采用规范清创,正确使用狂犬疫苗,合理使用狂犬免疫球蛋白(或血清)仍是当前防治狂犬病需遵循的原则。

Objective To investigate the carrying status and variation of rabies virus in dogs in Cixi,Zhejiang province.Methods The brain tissues of 51 dogs were collected by stratified sampling per rabies epidemic situation.The rabies viral infection status was determined by mouse intracranial inoculation test,indirect immunofluorescent antibody test,sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）.The rabies virus was isolated and N gene was sequenced.Results The rabies virus（named CXs） was found in a stray dog with a positive rate of 7.69%（1/13）.No rabid dog was confirmed in pet dogs.The gene sequence of the CXs rabies virus had higher similarity with the CTN strain which was used for vaccine production in the area,though it also shared high similarity with WZO（H）strain based on the modeling of NJ phylogenetic tree.Conclusion The current rabies vaccine is reliable for the prevention of rabies.It is important to follow the practices including strengthening of the management and immunization of pet dogs,stringent post-exposure wound cleaning,rabies vaccination and application of rabies immunoglobulin as necessary.