家庭氛围对学龄前儿童身心健康的影响研究

Impact of family environment on psychological and behavior development of preschool children

目的了解丽水城区3-6岁儿童的行为问题现状,探讨影响儿童行为的家庭氛围因素,为有针对性开展儿童心理行为异常的指导、干预提供依据。方法整群抽取城区7所幼儿园1 109名在园儿童作为研究对象,采用Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）、自行设计影响因素调查表,进行家长问卷调查。统计学处理采用SPSS软件,率的比较用χ2检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果行为问题总检出率为6.65%,女童行为异常发生率高于男童。家庭月收入、家庭教育工作承担者、父母与子女关系状况、孩子不听话、闯祸后采取方法和儿童性别对学前儿童行为发育有较大影响。结论儿童行为异常是多因素作用的结果 ,必须重视父母之间、亲子之间的关系,强调母亲在家庭教育中的特殊作用,采取鼓励、支持的教育方式,有利于减少儿童行为问题的发生。

Objective To investigate the behavior development of children aged 3-6 years old and its associated factors in Lishui area.Methods A total of 1 109 children were selected from 7 nursery schools by cluster sampling.The parents of children were investigated by CBCL and self designed questionnaire.Results The problems of behavior development were found in 6.65% of the participants,and female children were more likely to suffer behavior problems than male ones.Behavior development was associated with family income,education,relationship between parents and children,disobedience of children,post-accident actions and the gender.Conclusion The behavior development relates to multiple factors.Additional attention should be given to the educational role of mother in family,relationship between husband and wife as well as parents and children.The method of encouragement and positive response should be used to prevent the occurrences of behavior development problems.