棉酚不育剂防治抗性棉铃虫的研究

Study on the Gossypol Sterilant to Control Resistance Cotton Bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera)

在棉铃虫几乎对所有商品化学农药单剂产生高抗性的今天，应用遗传防治法，如不育剂，既能有效地降低害虫田间种群密度，又是对ＴＰＭ的补充，经过１９８３～１９９７年室内外试验表明，曾在７０年代用于人类男性的避孕药剂———棉酚，能有效地造成棉铃虫雄性不育。我们不必在室内饲养大量的不育虫，直接将不育剂用于田间，取得理想的防治效果。室内试验表明，在棉铃虫交配前，用浓度大于８００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的棉酚液饲喂雄性棉铃虫，能达到１００％的不育效果。１９９５～１９９７年连续三年对棉田一、二、三代棉铃虫３３３３至１０００ｈｍ２示范表明，将３０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的棉酚与性诱剂、诱食剂结合，全年每ｈｍ２应用棉酚２２５～６７５ｇ，即可造成百株卵量减少５２６％～７２８％，平均６３３％；百株幼虫数减少３４２％～６０８％，平均４５７％；每年减少化防次数７次；皮棉产量增加７８％～１５０％，平均１０９％，将不育剂在田间直接应用，而无需人工饲养、放飞不育虫的方法，世界上还未见报导。

So far all single chemical insecticides and most of mixture insecticides were presented by cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera)(CBW)in north cotton areas of china.It's an effectively method to control resistance CBW with hereditary control tactics, for example,sterilant.It's not only significantly decreasing density of field pest porplulation but also is supplement for TPM.During 1983～1997,carried out the gossypol that have been used prophylactic in 1970's in laboratory and field.The results indicated that sterility effect was rather good using gossypol to control CBW.Before CBW mating we Feed adult with over 800 ppm gossypol in laboratory,the efficacy was 100%.From 1995 to 1997,we applied mixture included 3000 ppm gossypol ,male sex allure and attractant to control 2nd,3rd,4th generation CBW AT 333.3～1000ha cotton acreage.The results showed that gossypols were applied from 2.25 to 6.75g per ha could decrease eggs 52.6%～72.8%,mean 63.3%;decrease larbae 34.2%～60.8%,mean 45.7% and increase 7.8%～15.0%,mean 10.9% cotton yield as well as reduce 7 times chemical pesticide control per year.It is first reported to use directly sterilant and need not artificial rear,fly sterility male insect to control field pest in the world.